Hello Kee, you have asked a big question with a big answer.
I don't do computer based recording myself, so I don't have too much help there. You will need a soundcard, unless your PC used to belong to a recording engineer. Here is a basic list of stuff you need:
1. A new soundcard
2. A large diaphragm condenser mic or a top notch dynamic mic
3. A microphone preamplifier (preamp for short)
4. The best cables you can lay your hands on
5. A good boom stand
6.a good set of headphones, with an extension cable
7. a pair of near field monitor speakers, with stands.
8. sequencing software
9. outboard effects or plugins to accomplish the same, at least for reverbs.
10. a bunch of mover's carpet. Commercially produced acoustic partitions known as go-betweens (gobo's for short) would be better.
11. You may need a power conditioner depending on the quality of your electric power. If you can hear the local radio station coming out of your speakers, you'll know you need one.
Now comes the hard part. Every one of these items comes in dirt cheap, modestly priced, fairly pricey, and wicked expensive, and you get what you pay for. The quality of your sound will depend on how well you learn to use the equipment, but money *is* a factor. I'm a modestly priced guy, except for the instruments, which are in the wicked expensive category.
I'll leave the soundcard and the software/plugins to the computer recorders, because I don't do that, and don't know diddly about it.
While there are dozens of alternatives, I will make a few suggestions that I know will work:
Vocal mics-cheap-Studio Projects B1, Marshall MXLV67B
moderate-Studio Projects C1, Audio Technica 4033,
Shure SM7B dynamic
pricey- Neumann TLM103, Rode NTK, B.L.U.E Dragonfly
wicked- Neumann U87, U47, B.L.U.E. Kiwi or Bottle
Preamps- cheap- M Audio Audiobuddy
moderate- Studio Projects VTB-1, M Audio DMP3
pricey- Grace Design 101, Joemeek twinQcs,FMR Audio RNP
wicked- anything that says Avalon, Neve, or Great River on it.
cables- monster, mogami, B.L.U.E. -good. HOSA- bad.
FX (effects) boxes I'm not as familiar with, but I've had good experiences with Lexicon and TC electronics units, both of which can be had across a spread of prices, from $250 and up.
Headphones- I'm a fan of
Sennheiser HD280 Pro, personally. Just make sure you get a closed design that's comfortable. The less of the outside world you hear when you put them on, the better.
monitors- cheap-high end computer speakers or deskshelf monitors
moderate- M Audio
SP5B, SP8B
pricey/wicked- I don't know enough to be helpful here. others on this board will know lots more.
Boom Stand- I like On Stage SB96 PLUS
Pop filter- a cheap item, but I like versatility, and the Sabrasom pop filter is very nice- available at "The Sound Room" on line. It will need its own straight mic stand.
Power conditioner- Furman PM-8
Where to get it all? On line- try 8th street.com, Macmidimusic.com, and Sam ash.com. Brick and mortar? Depends on where you live, but prepare mentally to be jerked around by an incompetent who does not respect you. You might get lucky and get a kind, helpful pro, but as they say, you got to kiss a lot of frogs before you meet the handsome prince.
Here's my best advice- Don't buy immediately. I took 8 months spec'ing the gear for my home studio before I bought, and it paid off big-time. I don't own a single useless piece of gear that I hate, and I haven't sold many things that I bought. Check my web site at
www.bardwire.com and click on the pictures off the project page. This will give you an idea what a $10,000 or so studio with $5000 in guitars looks like. Then go to the Studio Building and display forum on this board and see how bad some of the posters here blow my little studio away.
Spook around on this board for a few months, and you will get twice as much studio for your money. In general, just to do the simple stuff you want to do- keyboard and 1 vocal, I'd think it goes like this.- Cheap- close to $1,000. Moderate-$2,000 pricey-$4,000 wicked-$8,000. Hope this advice helps. Once you get over the sticker price, you'll relize that you will have more fun with this than any used car you ever bought, and if you don't like it, you'll get more of your money back selling it than that used car.-Richie