Well, the quick answer is you pay a really good acoustic consultant, in our case
SANDY BROWN ASSOCIATES who I mention because they are truly excellent and pleasant to work with.
The longer answer is that it was the classic "box within a box" and "floating floor" arrangement. The whole of both studio complexes (studio, control rooms, etc) were built on a separate concrete slab which was supported on hundreds/thousands of posts with flexible rubber sections in the middle that act a bit like a shock mount on a mic. The posts were then covered with metal shuttering and several inches of concrete poured on top. Once this was all set and cured, one concrete block wall was built on the floating section and a second concrete block wall was built outside this, down the structural floor. Sandy Brown's people drove the contractors mad by ensuring that there were absolutely NO connections between the two walls. Doors and windows were all doubled (one on the inner wall, one on the outer) with the usual magnetic seals and rubber gaskets. Cable connections to the outside world were through offset flexible conduits sealed with mini sandbags when everything was run.
I can't honestly remember the isolation spec we were working to (in those days you had to pass "code of practice" testing to be allowed to feed the ITV network in the UK) but we passed with flying colours thanks to the acousticians. I do know that we had live rock bands in the bigger studio on a few occasions and, despite 100dB(A) levels in the studio, you couldn't here anything outside.
I just had a look on the Sandy Brown website and, despite the job being more than 20 years ago, we're still
LISTED AS A CLIENT.
Alas, not much of this would be practical in a home studio though!