I don't quite understand the question. are you asking about the nyquist theorem? The fundamentals of a bass guitar range from 41.2-343.2 hz., if it's played loudly or with a pick the harmonics can range upwards to 4 khz.
The frequency range of human hearing is 20hz.-20khz., it's very rare but a few people can hear upto 50khz. though the average person won't even hear 20hz. or anywhere near 20khz.
If you're asking about the nyquist theorem (wich states that the sample rate must be at least twice as much as the highest frequency to prevent aliases from being generated), the sample rate should be at least 40 khz.
there are many sample rates used along with 16 and 24 bit depths, but (and this is a matter of personal taste) 24 bit depth/88.2khz. sample rate is a popular combo.
it's interesting to record a song (off a c.d.) at all the different combinations of bit depths and sample rates and listen to the differences in how it sounds,you will be able to discern differences, in my opinion higher sample rates impart more "air", spaciousness and depth to the sound wich is most easily discernible in the sound of the reverb in the recording, especially the reverb on the vocals.