starting off...

[sdever]

I want to record drums, vocals, and guitar, separately, and would prefer doing it without buying a plethora of mics, I would rather buy just one. I would record in my basement, and know no tricks to making acoustics sound better.
My budget should stay around 200$ max.

How should I get started?

 

[minds device]

The problem here is no ONE microphone is made for EVERYTHING. Recording a drumset with anywhere near decent sound requires 3 or more microphones in use at one time. The microphone you put on your bass drum is far different from that on the snare. A good starting point with a microphone would be a nice dynamic. The Sure SM57, SM58, and Audix i5 are microphones I have had personal experience with and I can tell you they are good for Vocals, Acoustic and Electric Guitar, Snare, Toms, and High Hats. When one has more of a budget they can have SPECIFIC use microphones. For instance, I prefer a Sienheser e609 for guitar cabs but not for vocals. On vocals I prefer a large diaphragm condenser. An SM57 does ok on both with average results. Good luck.

 

[mixsit]

Add Heil PR20 to that.