No. You can set up a simple horn, attached to a needle scraping across a wax cylinder or disc. Wax purity is important for a good signal to noise ratio.
What is critical is the diameter and makeup of the horn. Cheap Chinese silver can be bright and harsh. Fine German brass tends to be warmer sounding. If you have a deep voice, you need a larger bell. Something the size of a tuba will capture the full weight of your voice.
Avoid chintzy industrial diamond needles. A natural stone will give you the smooth, open sound you want, although they are vastly more expensive.