Yo Jersey! You got lots of choices, because cheap mics have rocked on dirty cabs for a long time. Sometimes wicked cheap mics just work, even on bigtime recordings. SM57 is the cheap standard, but there are many alternatives- AKG D770/D3800, Sennheiser e835/845/e609, Beyerdynamic almost anything, and yes, there are those that mic a cab with
a Neumann KMS105 (not cheap). That's scary, for more than one reason.
For cheap condensers, I've had my best luck with AKG C2000B. But hardly anyone here can say they've used *everybody's* $200 mic. I can only say the cheap little S.O.B. beat out a bunch of pricier mics in more than one shootout. A pair of them make pretty good overheads, and they are good on a variety of percussion. $200 with the shockmount, which beats the cheap headphone deal. They are phasing them out, I think, with the new Perceptions, so it would be a good time to make a deal on one at your local GC.
The people who can afford them pretty much all swear by good ribbons. There are some cheap Chinese ribbons under 6 or 8 brand names that might be a good deal, but they haven't really been fully evaluated over time- the jury is still out. What I'd do if I was you, is spend $50 on a used SM57, and the other $200 on a C2000B. When one doesn't sound right (the room is a huge factor), the other one will, and they are both good for recording a bunch of other stuff. The C2000B is much better than the SM57 for acoustic guitar, but the 57 is better for a sax. They are both good mics on a live soundstage as well. C2000B is a wonderful stage mic for woodwinds or strings. Dynamics and condensers are like the Yin and Yang of mics. Get one of each, and learn to use them both. Try the dynamic up close and the condenser backed off and blend to taste. Good luck- Richie