Vocal recording
If this is a home recording don't go out and buy sound proofing. Use blankets. Ill start there.
Get your vocal area surrounded to deaden the sound aroun you.
Next you need to set your distance from the mic with a pop filter. If your don't have one build one. Make them out of wire hanger and pantyhose.
Now you need to set your levels. If you are by yourself you'll be going back and forth until it's set right. Record a vocal line, listen back, watch your meters. Turn up or down accordingly.
Next you can start to prime your vocals. Pull out frequencies you don't need and put a high pass filter to get rid of lower frequencies. You may not hear what you took out but it makes a difference. Trust me.
Next mix at low levels. You should be able to have a conversation with the music playing. That's how low it needs to be.
A technique you can also do to get the vocals to sit better is turn the volume down until you can't hear music and barely vocals. They are the dominant feature in most mixes.
This is all for
straight forward mixing. If you have a more artistic approach then certain rules don't apply obviously.
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Cheers! Hope this helps get you in the right direction