Recording Space
Add my vote with the people that say a good room makes the difference. Of course this applies mostly to my own case, your mileage may vary.
I was a professional engineer. The recordings that I made in real studios sound better than my home projects mostly because of the recording spaces.
It's never been a better time to record direct (thanks to amp modelers and so on), but vocals are still a problem. I don't have an isolation booth at home and my current recording environment is a bit
"spanky". I find that this contributes the most in terms of making my recordings amaturish than anything else.
Sure, better microphones would help a lot (I've always been something of a cheapskate in this department never spending more than $100 on a mic), but I think that I make up for microphone quality with ingenuity (placement and baffle techniques). In my home recording experience, if you buy microphones in pairs and buy them with specific recording applications in mind (and KNOW that they work well for your plans) you'll do well. I'm not going to prefess that "a condenser is a condenser is a condenser", but with the right tweaking you can squeeze good response from el cheapo mics. It just takes much more effort and sometimes you must abort because the microphone you want to use simply will not perform in the context you want to use it in.
As for what I record on, I find that my digital workstation (even if it is only
a Fostex FD4) yeilds just as true a recording as any 2" tape I've shredded in studio. Again, creativity and ingenuity helps a great deal. I remind myself often that the Beatles' SGT. Pepper album was recorded on four tracks. The fact that I can bounce tracks indefinately without degradation helps tremendously. Again, patience is a huge factor. Recording real drums is the greatest obstacle for a four track situation. It's not impossible, but sacrificies need to be made. The only way to avoid mixing drums live and sending them to two tracks is to get a recorder capable of more than four tracks. 8 track is a minimum by today's standards, but 16 is far more comfortable. I don't have room for a drum kit even if one were at my disposal. Since I use a drum machine I don't have to worry too much about the drum tracks, but if I had a real drummer, and he had an electronic kit (like a Roland), I could mix his kit easily before the recorder's first two tracks. Is control over snare or kick (or other kit peice) alone very important? Of course it is if you want to save many hours of mixdown (and recording) time, but this is a luxery that you give up when you're on a budget.
You must have a stable of outboard effects if you ever wish to do things that aren't straight ahead. I don't recommend using stomp boxes connected to your effects sends as they tend to be noisy (unless that is desirable).
Can you get away with just a reverb unit and nothing else?
I have. Just don't expect to do anything "fancy" that way. Depending on the music you want to make you should be able to do without outboard effects, some genres demand effects so you'll need to get them. If you want to avoid amaturish recordings, you'll "season" with effects and not "feature" them.
Compression is a HUGE time saver, but it isn't an absolute necessity. With patience (and by this I mean rerecording whole flawless tracks because the levels weren't consistant) you can do without a compressor. On the whole, I'd rather have a compressor in my chain than not, but I didn't always have one and I got by. Like most recording gear, patience, creativity and a willingness to do things over can make up for a lot of missing or cheap gear. When you've made enough recordings with your own gear, you learn how hot to make your recording levels and how to position mics (and most importantly how to control your dynamics in performance) so that you can live without compression.
I believe that outside of good recording space (which is nye impossible to fake when you don't have it) the only real difference between a home recording project and a pro studio recording project is analogous to the difference between driving from NY to LA and flying there. The airplane gets you there fast and comfortably. When you drive it takes longer and you aren't anywhere near as comfortable, but as long as your car is up to the task (and you don't crash) you'll end up at the same destination. Just took you longer and far more effort, but you got there.
Anyone ever built an isolation helmet?
Carl