You might be talking 'bout Analogue synths and Virtual Analogue synths.
Real Analogue synths are build up by small component oscillators and their oscillation is totally smooth and nice. The frequency is controlled by voltage level which is a bit unstable, but this only adds extra character to the sound.
With Virtual Analogue you have to imagine that the oscillators are replaced with small computers. Instead of smooth operation, the amplitude is gained in stairlike increases of one at a time, how rough it sounds depends on the bitrate and the processor speed.
a bitrate of 4 means 8 steps on one oscillation while 16 bits means 65536 steps.
The frequency range of the analogue oscillators is usually higher, except for
the Novation Supernova/Nova series where the oscillators have a exceptionally high range for digital synths. (up to 21000 Hz, while 15000Hz on the virus and similar)
Real Analogue is extremely expensive these days but their popularity is coming back because of the clear and crisp sounds.
As for modulation, (sliders and such which mikeh mentioned), todays Virtual Analogue by far exceeds analogue synths in every way. The routing possabillitys are only dependant on the amount of dsp available and the programming crew

, while on analogue synths, space and algorithms are a problem.
Just look at the new Alesis Andromeda. 8 voices (compared to 48 on the SNII and 30 on
the Virus B) and a rather big modulation matrix of about 40 routings as far as i remember, while on the supernova you have more than 130 routings and 110 on the virus.
You don't usually have effects on Analogue synths like you do on V/analogue...
What a long post...