Well it's not quite that hard, vis a vis the cake/flour thing. You'd just need some leet soldering skilzors. Basically, you find the input to the USB codec and tap that across a couple of 50V capacitors for your output. Probably that is at the output of an opamp that is running at +5V, and maybe also that power rail feeds an oscillator to step-up for the capsule (if it's externally biased). So you split off and regulate your phantom supply to +5V and send it to that point, making sure not to power the codec in the process. So long as that circuitry can run on less than 10mA (one would hope), that will work with linear regulation (instead of requiring a more complicated step-down converter). This is how the dual USB/XLR mic would be done.
Then you just have to drill a hole in the mic case to mount an XLR, or maybe a pigtail if there isn't room for the connector.
I doubt you'll find an commercial USB to XLR converter as an XLR output (rather than XLR input, which are common), because it would need to drive two codecs plus associated circuitry on only 500mW of available phantom power, which would get rather tricky to say the least since the USB mic would anticipate being allowed its minimum of one unit, which is 500mW . . .
Moral of story . . . if you want XLR, make sure you buy that.