ikijapan said:
			
		
	
	
		
		
			Also, isn't distortion caused by clipping a signal past a certain point or something? I've heard that there is no way to have a tube amp "clip" like a solid state amp would if you pushed it too hard, it will just distort more and more or something like that?
Sorry for the walters like questions, I'm just trying to understand how this stuff works. I'm really not after the "tone" aspect of it at all. To me, put my guitar through a Mesa, or a Peavey, or a Randall or whatever, it really doesn't matter to me that much. I'm more looking at the technical aspects of how the amps work I think.
		
		
	 
In the olden days, there was a good deal of difference between solid state and tube amp clipping.  Nowadays, not so much, though there are still differences.
An amplifier, any amplifier, is limited by its "rails", which are the maximum positive and negative voltages (the swing) its output section can deliver.  Near the centerline between the rails, most amps are linear, that is, they give the same relative increase in output for a given increase in input.  Out near the rails, however is where things get different.  That's where clipping occurrs, which is what happens when an amp tries to produce a waveform which is bigger than the space between the rails.
As the output voltage swing from a tube approaches closer and closer to the rails, it encounters more and more resistance, so the waveform is rounded off and starts to clip before the rails are reached.  The closer it gets to the rail, the more it is clipped.  This is soft clipping, and the harmonics introduced into the tone from soft clipping is what tube amp enthusiasts drool over.
Transistors do not naturally soft clip, at least not nearly to the extent that tubes do.  What they do is reproduce the waveform cleanly until the rails are encountered, and then it cuts off the signal sharply, like with a pair of scissors.  This produces sharp edges on the clipped waveform, and sharp edges produce high frequency harmonics, which sound "crackly" and "fizzy" and generally make your tone suck.  Old style solid state amps were famous for this kind of distortion.
Newer solid state amps have employed sophisticated design strategies to try to emulate the soft clipping character of tube amps with varying degrees of success, and they are cheaper to produce than tube amps.  For my money, though I'll stick with the real thing.  I guess that makes me "old school", or maybe just old.  ;^)