Big, big $$$.
Most people that do casual labeling and aren't in the CD manufacturing business either use stick-on ink-jet-printable labels (like the Neato labels), or ink-jet-printable CDRs (an Epson R-200 inkjet printer that is capable of printing onto CDRs costs less than $100), or, for semi-pro and pro printing without using silkscreen printing, there's the new generation of color heat-transfer printers, that start at around $1500, plus the cost of the color ribbons (which are pretty expensive).
FWIW, the Epson R-200 and R-300 printers do a pretty good job, especially for the money. Some people "clear-coat" their inkjet-printed CDRs (top side only!) to make the colors more vibrant and less likely to become water-damaged.