A preamp *theoretically* shouldn't add/remove anything -- the "wire with gain" effect. It doesn't happen in practice though, but you can get close if you spend big money. "Colorful" preamps are different, they have a "sound," and depending on the source and your preferences these may add "something" to the sound (or flatter it, if you will).
If you have a cheaper soundcard like a SoundBlaster, then yes, even a cheap outboard preamp will improve the sound (unless you hate the sound of that particular preamp...). SB mic inputs are famous for sounding lousy. Many folks don't like their line inputs either, but an outboard pre will sound better through an SB line input than the mic right into the mic input. (Expensive audio cards have good mic inputs.)
What's the best inexpensive pre? Define "inexpensive".

If you mean "dirt cheap" then you're in the Audio Buddy category. If you mean "one step above stealing" try a Behringer MX802a mixer-- four preamps for $100, plus eqs and stuff! (But you get what you pay for, and esp. with Behringer, Your Mileage May Vary Greatly, Like Their Quality Control.)
I will say a Behringer sounds *way* better than an SB mic input.
For super-cheapo color, ART makes quasi-tube pres for $80 and up. Like Behringer, some like 'em, some hate 'em. I like the ART for bas guitar, but you mayhate it for vocals.
If inexpensive means "under $1000," there's loads of options.
What mic(s) you got?