Audio Technica ART 2100
Well, the results you seek are a lofty goal. The microphone that will bring you closest to those goals is the (link here->)
Audio Technica ART 2100 just under $40 at
Amazon.
This is a Handheld dynamic microphone with USB digital output and XLR analog output. So you can run it
straight to your computer, using the free Audacity Software to record with. Or, if you later decide to use a mixer, it will also connect to that using the XLR connection.
This microphone is touted by many podcast coaches as having a smooth extended frequency response ideally suited for podcasting, home
studio recording, field recording, voiceover, and on-stage use.
The
ATR 2100 also has a built-in HEADPHONE JACK allows you to directly monitor your microphone output without audible delay
As far as picking up only your voice, this mic does have a cardioid polar pattern to reduce the pickup of unwanted sounds from the sides and rear.
BUT ALL MICROPHONES PICK UP WHATEVER NOISE IS IN THE ROOM. A heat pump, a fan on a computer, dog barking, that is kind of what mics do, they pickup sound, no matter if it is your voice or a doorbell ringing. You can do some audio processing after the recording to remove some of that, and you can add a limiter gate to help, but then you would have to have a mixer for that, really the only way to get just your voice, is to have the only sound the mic can here,,, to be your voice.
The
ATR 2100 also has a Built-In Headphone Jack with Volume
Control, this makes it easy for you to pre-listen to what room noises will be picked up. You can employ some good practices to reduce unwanted noise, such as using a good swing arm shock mount,
Suspension Boom Scissor Arm Stand with Shock Mount $32 at Amazon. Position the mic so it is about 2 to 4 inches from your mouth, reducing the room noise as much as possible. I used some sound board from Lowes, and quilts, bed sheets, moving blankets, to create a room within a room in my recording area. But even with all that, when the heat pump kicks on, I can still hear it, one of the dogs bark, it gets recorded. A high quality set of headphones tailored to voice will go a long way to identify unwanted sound.
Sony MDR7506 Professional Large Diaphragm Headphones are about as good as it gets for podcasting. However they run about $80 bucks on Amazon. So, do the best you can with what you can afford.
Here are a couple links to help you with podcasting equipment:
The Podcasters' Studio - Learn How To Podcast
School of Podcasting - Learn "How To Podcast" with Podcast Coach Dave Jackson | Podcast Consulting, Live Training, How to Podcast Tutorials, and Resources