I'm not sure I've ever seen a book with such content, but it's interesting to analyze.
In terms of scales, the modes might be a great place to start. I wouldn't say each has an emotion, but each certainly has a unique sound, e.g. Dorian sounds jazzy, Phrygian sounds Spanish, etc.
Other scales certainly have unique sounds, e.g. Harmonic Minor sounds Egyptian, Diminished scale sounds unsettled.
In terms of chords, it's really hard to assign emotions to chords other than in a very general way.... i.e. Major chords sounds neutral, Minor chords darker.
When you're talking about chord progressions, I think you there are certain movements that can invoke a certain feeling or mood, but it's inextricably linked to other factors, like the melody and the arrangement. For example, going from the Major to the relative minor always has a certain feel to it.... think Desperado ( G to Em).
Trouble is... there are an unlimited amount of possible chord combinations and catalouging them all is impossible. I've been writing songs for a while now and I've certainly learned a few chord combinations I like to use for certain things. I've also overused my share... the major to relative minor move for one! I've also stumbled on lots of chord changes that I would never have done intentionaly and found something new and exciting.... that's the best of all.
Surprise chords that work are awesome. My favorite example right now is in the Joe Nichols song Brokenheartsville. Don't know who wrote it off the top of my head, but I know it wasn't Joe. It's in D (relative to the capo, which is on the 3rd fret I think), but during the chorus, insteading going to the relative minor chord of Bm, he plays a surprise "B" (major) when he sings the words "coupe de ville". It totally catches you by surprise and is an awesome hook in that song. I doubt you will ever come across a book that can quantify something like that.
It just comes with experience and experimentation.
A