
peritus
The not fountain head
Here's the run down on the K-System... I HIGHLY recommend reading it, no matter who you are in the recording world!
http://www.digido.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=9
Now.. I have a pretty simple question.. And It's most likely paired to an obvious answer. I guess I just want a little help re-assuring myself...
Presuppose, for a moment, that I am a mastering engineer and that I'm mastering a pop project mixed @ K-20, which I want to master to K-14....
Where would I want the highest dbFS peak be, on the CD release? If I had 1 peak, in the entire song, @ -0 dbFS, is my job complete, or do I need to find a way to get it lower?
If I'm understanding this all correctly, my task would be FAR from complete..
On the CD releases we see nowadays, peaks are normally @ 0 dbFS...
Wouldn't my greatest peak, during a entire mastering career of only mastering to K-14 (not K-12), be 90 dbC SPL (+/- a couple)... and therefore -9 dbFS (+/- a couple)? Any higher and people's ears would surely be damaged by that one peak?
Thanks!
http://www.digido.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=9
Now.. I have a pretty simple question.. And It's most likely paired to an obvious answer. I guess I just want a little help re-assuring myself...
Tracking/Mixing/Mastering
The K-System will probably not be needed for multitracking--a simple peak meter is probably sufficient. For highest sound quality, use K-20 while mixing and save K-14 for the calibrated mastering suite. If mixing to analog tape, work at K-20, and realize that the peak levels off tape will not exceed about +14. K-20 doesn't prevent the mix engineer from using compressors during mixing, but the author hopes that engineers will return towards using compression as an esthetic device rather than a "loudness-maker."
Using K-20 during mix encourages a clean-sounding mix that's advantageous to the mastering engineer. At that point, the producer and mastering engineer should discuss whether the program should be converted to K-14, or remainat K-20. The K-System can become the lingua franca of interchange within the industry, avoiding the current problem where different mix engineers work on parts of an album to different standards of loudness and compression.
Full scale peaks and SNR
It is a common myth that audible signal-to-noise ratio will deteriorate if a recording does not reach full scale digital.On the contrary, the actual loudness of the program determines the program's perceived signal-to-noise ratio. The position of the listener's monitor level control determines the perceived loudness of the system noise. If two similar music programs reach 0 on the K-system's average meter, even if one peaks to full scale and the other does not, both programs will have similar perceived SNR. Especially with 20-24 bit converters, the mix does not have to reach full scale (peak). Use the averaging meter and your ears as you normally would, and with K-20, even if the peaks don't hit the top, the mixdown is still considered normal and ready for mastering, with no audible loss of SNR.
Presuppose, for a moment, that I am a mastering engineer and that I'm mastering a pop project mixed @ K-20, which I want to master to K-14....
Where would I want the highest dbFS peak be, on the CD release? If I had 1 peak, in the entire song, @ -0 dbFS, is my job complete, or do I need to find a way to get it lower?
If I'm understanding this all correctly, my task would be FAR from complete..
Using the Meter's Red Zone.
This 88-90 dB+ region is used in films for explosions and special effects. In music recording, naturally-recorded (uncompressed) large symphonic ensembles and big bands reach +3 to +4 dB on the average scale on the loudest (fortissimo) passages. Rock and electric pop music take advantage of this "loud zone", since climaxes, loud choruses and occasional peak moments sound incorrect if they only reach 0dB (forte) on any K-system meter. Composers have equated fortissimo to 88-90+ dB since the time of Beethoven. Use this range occasionally, otherwise it is musically incorrect (and ear-damaging). If engineers find themselves using the red zone all the time, then either the monitor gain is not properly calibrated, the music is extremely unusual (e.g. "heavy metal"), or the engineer needs more monitor gain to correlate with his or her personal sensitivities. Otherwise the recording will end up overcompressed, with squashed transients, and its loudness quotient out of line with K-System guidelines.
On the CD releases we see nowadays, peaks are normally @ 0 dbFS...
Wouldn't my greatest peak, during a entire mastering career of only mastering to K-14 (not K-12), be 90 dbC SPL (+/- a couple)... and therefore -9 dbFS (+/- a couple)? Any higher and people's ears would surely be damaged by that one peak?
Thanks!