CBR and VBR are MP3 types.
BTW, I write codecs

You can say that there is one algorithm, but that's a misnomer, has been for years. Used to be only one, now you have version 1 (ISO/IEC 11172-3), version 2 (ISO/IEC 13818-3), version 2.5, etc., you also have layer I, II, and III, CBR and VBR. Each is a seperate algorythm. Now, whilst the 'recommended algorythm' that comes from the creator of the format should be used, it isn't always. The format also varies slightly from encoder to encoder, and doesn't always follow the same rules. Yes, they are also implemented differently, but some are completely modified.
eg. You can use a version 2 decoder to play a 2.5 mp3, but it's not going to sound as good, or decode the same as a 2.5 decoder. The algorythm IS different between those two formats, but they have a few similarities.
Simple fact of the matter, however you choose to describe it, there IS a difference in the output between decoders.
I'm not going to get into a back and fourth war over terminology!
W.