Another +1 on technique
You're shredding your chords because you've (by your own admission) never been taught to use your voice correctly. If you're serious about being a vocal performer, get to a professional voice coach. They can show you how to develop your "instrument" with proper technique, teach you warm-up and strengthening exercises, as well as maintaining your voice with proper diet and exercise.
There are remedies out there to soothe a tired, sore throat (lemon water, loquat syrup, etc)...but they wont fix what's happening to you. Below I have listed five things that can help you stop shredding your chords. HELP - not cure...only a professional coach can truly get you to a better place, but perhaps these will assist you in the mean time.
1) Stop constant throat-clearing. A lot of singers do this (sometimes subconciously) right before they start singing as a method to clear away any mucous. The problem with this is, it scrapes the chords together causing irritation and inflammation. A better way to control mucus over-production is through diet.
2) Limit excessive talking and avoid yelling. This may be difficult depending on what you do for a living, but if you have a vocal performance on Saturday, avoid going out Friday night to a concert or loud nightclub where you have to practically yell in conversation to be heard.
3) Avoid eating ANYTHING right before you go to bed. Even if you dont suffer from Gastric Reflux, a late-night meal right before lying your body down can cause laryngeal reflux. The stomach acid washes up and burns away the tiny hairs that line the vocal folds which hold moisture and keep your chords lubricated. The result is dry, chaffed vocal chords. The hairs grow back, but it takes three days.
4) Warm-up and stretch the muscles in your neck and jaw to relieve tension. There are a few videos on YouTube showing how to do this.
5) Stop glottal-ing. Glottal strokes happen in natural speech when your vocal chords slam together, and causes major wear and tear on your chords. In fact, I was told this burns your voice out faster than anything else!! Glottalization happens on the onset of a word (spoken or sung) that begins with a vowel (A, E, O). Its hard to explain without hearing, but its basically the difference between speaking "A" and "Hey". Notice when you say "Hey" how much softer the attack to the "A" sounds. Recording engineers sometimes have to remove this sound post-production because it doesn't sound good in the performance. A trick I was taught is to put an "H" in front of the vowel to soften the attack and minimize glottaling "Hey, Hee, Ho" instead of "A, E, O".
Also - drink LOTS of water and avoid tobacco, alcohol and excessive amounts of caffeine.
This is not a comprehensive list by ANY means, just a few of the things I was taught that have helped me preserve my voice for 25+ years!!