There is really no way to do that with only one input. You could run separate mics into a mixer and then into your laptop but they will be mixed together and still only one track in the computer. (or two if it is stereo) If any single piece in the drum set didn't come out right, you would have to re-record the whole thing just to make that correction.
You really need front end gear that has multiple inputs to do it right. There are a few cheap interfaces out there that will do a fair job of it.
As usual, if you want to expand your capabilities, you must expand your equipment as well.