Phantom power is 48V as in volts. Your sound card probably provides in proximity of 3V power via the mic port, if any volts are supplied (depends on the card). Your USB bus only provides 5V. With obvious compatibility issues as well. You can buy devices that ONLY provide phantom power, but you've still got to connect it to something to record from it. And you'll likely need some additional gain to get a decent level to record. Microphone preamp, mixer, and some interfaces take care of this issue in a lot of cases. Your stock sound card probably does not.