Well you didn't tell us you were handicapped. (kidding, kidding).
Ok, well I'm personally regretful for talking to a kid that way. I'm sorry. The internet is weird. I'll try to help a little.
Nearfield Monitoring is just a term used to describe the configuration of audio monitors (speakers) when they are less than 4 feet from the guy mixing.
I've never heard of midfield monitoring, but as you can tell, I'm sort of an idiot. I assume it's when the speakers are further away.
"Full Range" when describing a speaker is just a cabinet that's an "all in one" speaker. It has the drivers to produce low, mid, and high frequencies. Your typical home stereo speaker would fall into this category. But if you look at speakers for public address systems, they typically have "subs" which are speaker cabinets devoted entirely to producing just low end sound, and then you have "mains" on top of them, which are separate cabinets that produce the mids and highs. I'm simplifying here, because no speaker actually covers the entire audio spectrum, but for purposes of your question, a full range speaker is a single cabinet that reproduces the entire audible spectrum.
"Active v. Passive" - When talking about speakers, these terms refer to the power source (amplifier). "Passive" speakers do not have an amp built into them, so they require an external power source or amplifier. As you might guess, "Active" speakers do have built in power, so they do not require an external amplifier in order to reproduce sound.
Power ratings - if you have passive speakers (i.e., need an external amp) then you need to match the power of the amp to the capabilities of the speaker. This is done through power ratings. If you have a 1,000 watt amplifier (500 watts per channel) and a 100 watt speaker, you are going to probably have a fire, because there's way too much power being sent to a 100 watt speaker. Similarly, if you have an amplifier that is underpowered such that the user is turning it up to 10, it's probably going to distort and blow the tweeters out of the speaker. This subject is beyond my meager ability to talk about in depth, but for purposes of what you're asking, it's basically a ratings system to match up amps and speakers to prevent fires and blown speakers.
I'll let others jump in now, mostly because I don't know much about this stuff, and I know that everybody except c7sus will feel an overwhelming urge to apologize, lol. Good luck.