The few pieces I have used have required 8-32 and 10-32. 8-32 is probably pretty common, but Regebro is right about the Japanese gear: assume metric. If you use a screw, make sure that you use the shortest possible length: in some products, the PCB does *not* have a clearance hole for the mount screw, and using a too-long screw can short PCB traces to the case. Not good.
The universal rack shelves and half-rack units never seem to have countersunk holes to allow a mounting screw head to sit flush, so even a flathead screw will make the screw/shelf/unit stack too tall to fit into a true single space, and will hang up on the gear below. Another issue is that half-rack pieces usually have only a single center hole, which means that they can rotate a bit on the screw, causing it to loosen over time. With all those hassles, I just gave up. I use 3M's thin doublesided foam mounting tape, and just stick them down on a nice cheap blank shelf. Usually, Velcro will also make the stack too tall. If I need to move them, I just peel them up...