OK, it's time to nip the myths in the bud here -
First, egg cartons are a near total waste of time. I tried that 15 years ago, and the only thing it accomplished was to kill some mic feedback at 6kHz, coming from the drummer's vocal mic when we were practicing. Since then, I found an actual lab test of egg cartons, and it turns out they do some absorption at around 6-7 kHz, then dip down, then do a little more up around 10 kHz. Very un-even absorption, and absolutely NO sound PROOFing qualities.
Drapes aren't much better for absorption, mostly just highs. Really heavy drapes have some minor amount of absorption in upper mids, but that's about it.
"Are you trying to keep sound in, keep sound out, or fix a problem with poor acoustics (I'm guessing you're in the last catagory). They all require different strategies. " - Not quite right. Sound PROOFing is a two-way street. If it stops sound one way, it will stop sound the opposite way.
You're right about sound PROOF being different than sound CONDITIONING - the two have almost nothing to do with each other.
Sound PROOF = keeping sound from passing through to areas it's not wanted.
Sound CONDITIONING = also know as acoustic treatment, makes the sound that stays in the room, sound BETTER. This is done by absorbing, diffusing, or trapping unwanted frequencies. You want to try to accomplish this evenly across the audio bandwidth, so that the room response doesn't accent some frequencies and subdue others. Even absorption usually requires a combination of materials that have more absorption at different frequencies, so that the overall result is fairly even absorption thru the audio range.
If you really need to sound PROOF your drum room, you'll need to add as much mass to the walls, floor, ceiling ands doors/windows as you can. Sheet rock is the least expensive, densest material for this - particle board or MDF is also good. Drums are really hard to control, so if possible it's better to remove the paneling on one side of the wall and put Resilient Channel on the studs, then put two layers of sheet rock on the Resilient Channel and caulk all joints heavily.
Doors are another hard one - interior doors are almost worthless for sound control. Solid core doors are better, but none of them work unless the door seals all the way around tightly.
I hope that gives you a little bit of an idea of what is involved - it's not an easy thing to do, especially in existing construction... Steve