Digging a hole for vocals

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ambi

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I've heard of many people eqing a little hole into a mix so that vocals will fit in better. My question is how do i figure out where the vocals will fit? Generally what frequencies should i dip down to make a space for the vocals. I would be inclined to do a 3dba dip. Im assuming femal and male vocals are a little different, and it would also vary from person to person. But isn't there a general frequency the ear is tuned to for the sound of the human voice?
 
Many ways:

Easy: From about 350Hz up to about 2.5Khz you can put the music on its own stereo track. Put a parametric on this track and put a dip of about 2-3db centered right between. Keep the Q at 0 and you have carved a nice dip in the music. The voice, on another track, mixed with this will then sit forward in the mix as it will dominate in the area you dipped.

Harder but better:

Slight compression on vocal 2:1 with 6 or less threshold. Attack about 15, release 100, 0 gain. If you have a spectrum analyzer put it on the vocal track and see where most of the energy is after the compressor. If you mix alot you will kinda know where it is and won't require the SA. Now remember the general range of that voice on the lo and high end.

Tuck the instruments below the lo and above the hi of the voice as best you can using EQ. Sometimes this is a matter of just using the easy method above on each instrument to get out of the vocals way. Where the voice does not sing you can push the insturment EQ into the voice range during solos or fills.

Panning method:
Any instrument which clashes with the voice gets pushed to the side.

Reverb method:

Any insturment that clashes with the voice gets covered with reverb to put in behind the voice.

There are innumerable variations on the theme but these will give you the idea. You can also just push the vocal hot in the necessary range too but there may be frequency clashes with other instruments. Better to just get the instrument out of the critical range.

The 350 to 2.5 was the hot range from one of my Sting CDs and I use it for my voice. This will of course vary for each voice but, well there it is...........

Hope that was clear.
 
GREAT reply. Thanks a lot man, this will help a lot! Can you recomend a good spectum analyzer? I have one that came with sonic foundery sound forge, but i think it's either not that great, or ineffective, or i don't know how to use it well.
 
350hz to 2.5 khz? Man thats a huge dip! :)
Normally you can get away with dipping the rest of the mix a little somewhere between 1 and 3 khz, and perhaps boosting the vocal there some too....
 
Yeah that is a big range and it was on a ballad where the voice was the main thing. Guess I should have pointed that out. With a complicated mix the range would or could be substantially smaller.
 
OK, here is the SA from the track "Fare Thee Well" off the new Mark Knoplfer(sp?) album.

This is his voice with no background music. It tends to lie in the 160 to 1.25 range. (Ss and Ts are the freqs on the far right, not as loud as the main range) This is a solo voice section. To carve a hole for this voice I would dip the music tracks slightly in this range. Actually there were a couple of key freqs around 160, 320 and 600 (very narrow Q) that always peak when he emphasizes a word. These would be the ones I would worry about getting covered up more than the whole range. So at the minimum I would build music tracks below 160 and above 600 to get the essence of his voice. This could be as simple as a dip on any instrument in this range to let his voice come through. He is a baritone, maybe bass by the way.

The SA really helps when you first start mixing to visuallize whats happening. After awhile you kinda learn where to go with the parametric and its not needed. Every once in awhile I pull it out if something is not working.

This SA is the Brainspawn SpectR-Pro 2.5
 

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Ok, Im working on mixing rap vocals for a group of 3 males. They are rapping to a beat that was already mixed and mastered correctly for another major artist. Im using the CEP2 SA. How do I go about having the instrumental work for all 3 guys. If I run the SA on one guy, what about the other 2? They all have different pitches in their voices so how can I EQ a hole into the instrumental? You also explained about building music tracks below a certain point and above a certain point... can you explain that in detail? Im guessing that you're saying EQ all of the frequency you can between 160 & 600 for that song, right? Let me know, this is starting to be very exciting! Peace
 
This may or may not work because I would have to have the tracks here to make actual judgement calls. That said, IN GENERAL.....

I assume they are all singing or rapping at the same time, if there is a main vocalist and backup singers the following method would not apply and I would take another approach.

I would put the music on 1 master bus in your software and the all three voices on master buss 2. Do a rough mix by ear first to get levels about where they need to be. Put the SA on the vocal mix of all three voices. See what the spread (frequency dominated area) is on the voices.

Because the music is already mastered I would only do a slight db reduction across the vocal range in the music track. On a parametric this would be a Q of 0 with a db reduction of 2-4 centered right in the middle of the vocal range.

Check the mix again, if there is some dominant voice or voice section in the music that needs to be pop out in the mix, you might go searching for those frequencies that pop the voice and do some narrow band pushes of around 3-4 db - Q of maybe 20-30 for just those frequencies.

This is vocal carving but there are other approaches, such as pan the music tracks slightly left and right leaving a hole for the voice, or even ducking the music in certain frequency bands to make them softer when the vocal comes in. You can also explore the one mentioned previously, push the music into reverb a bit when the voices come in. Because this is a music track already done, I assume the lo end is already happening, I probably would not go down the reverb path.

I am sure there are others out there who are far more experienced than me and have their own special tricks for carving out a hole for the vocal.

Regarding building the music, this means the usual starting technique of working the drum kick and bass at the low end but be aware of when you are crossing into a baritone, like Knopfler, and thus putting hard shelves on these instruments. His voice has some rich qualities at 160 so I will lo pass at 160 and below. Just a small shelve of about 4 db. Then I would pick up some of the hi end bass sound on the other side of the voice above 1.25 with some narrow Q pushes on important tones. This is the snappy sound of the bass. The same would hold true for the kick, and guitars and piano. Get what you can from the lo end without walking on the voice. Actually you can spend a lot of time here at the lo end getting the music to work.

Above the voice you take the opposite approach with some hi pass above 1.25 for musical instruments. Build a nice mix of instruments on the top side.

Now you have created a nice space for the voice. These frequency numbers would change for every vocalist by the way. Please bear in mind this is only one approach, sometimes its best to slap an Art Tube on the stereo buss and just fuzz it up to get a blended sound. Hey its art, you can do what you want.
 
It would never occur to me to do any of those things, but if it works for you and you like the way it sounds, i guess that's all that matters.
 
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