The mics., mixer, cable, soundcard, software chain you have in mind should work fine. What mixer depends on your budget and recording requirements (though you don't want one of the type made specifically for use with live performances). You might get some specific recommendations if you say how...
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A mic preamp would qualify as an audio interface - an interface between your instruments and your laptop/PC. The mic pre boosts the mic signal to Line level so you get a good strong signal. Examples of cheap but good mic pres recommended here recently are the M-Audio Audio Buddy and the Joe Meek...
Assuming your soundcard doesn't have mic pres fitted you might want to look at getting either a mic. pre-amp or a mixer fitted with mic. pre-amps. This would be connected to your soundcard with the appropriate cable and would enable you to record your guitars and vocals to the laptop. You'll...
When I used to record on my 424 I never understood the reason for panning when recording. I assumed there was one so did it anyway. I think I did sometimes record in the way you describe when forgetting to pan. I don't recall it making any difference. Probably you should try it and see what...
I much prefer them in the centre. As far as I remember the panning on those Beatles records was due to limitations of their technology rather than artistic choice. I hope that's what it was.
Research, research, practice, practice, practice.
There's a wealth of advice to point you in the right direction on this board and others. There's been a few posts on recording books lately. Doing a Search on books should find them. The only ones I've seen which go into actual detail about...
The Pod by Line 6 is a guitar amp simulator. Here's a link for more info.:
http://www.line6.com/Main/Products/ProductGroups/ProductGroup_Knows.cfm?GroupID=1&CFID=353945&CFTOKEN=61636398
You do the research to avoid buying bad gear, then you focus in on the good gear that is going to suit you, your pocket, the music you want to make, the way you want to work; then you learn how to use it. Simple (!!!!!!!!!!!!!):)
I believe there are some highly regarded software compressors (Renaissance Waves?), but none that compare yet with the top level hardware versions. For homereccers there are useable software compressors - the FASoft compressor, or Blueline. I suppose you have to try them out and see what you...
What order to record in?: Drums, guitar 1, guitar 2, bass, vocal, guitar solo.
Panning?: Drums, bass, vocal, guitar solo in the centre, 1 guitar panned right, the other guitar panned left.
That's one way of doing it and I hope that's what you meant.
Try posting this as a new thread. I'd like to see the answers. I don't understand the graph either. The soft knee curve I could see, but that was about it.
Getting the right cable should do it. Which cable depends on the output of your 4-track and the input of your soundcard. I don't know about USB. 4-track outputs seem to be mainly RCAs. Soundcard inputs can be 1/8th" stereo, RCAs, 1/4" jack plugs. Shouldn't be too much trouble to sort out.