The Q parameter defines the width of frequency span your cut or boost will affect.
With a parametric centered at 1KHz and a low Q value, a cut/boost will affect only a narrow slice of frequencies around the center frequency. With a wide Q value you'll affect a wider area of frequnecies around the center frequency.
How do you know? You use your ears, but often if you're cutting, start with a narrower (or lower) Q value.... if boosting, start with a wider one...
Also - try cutting frequencies you don't want before boosting ones that you do want.......