Well, take mixing for example. Physiologically, the human ear has its flattest response at a volume between 80-85dB. So, ideally, you want to do most of your mixing at that volume (with occasional checks at higher and lower volumes to hear how the mix holds up). Placing the SPL meter at approximately the position of your head and playing music and/or pink noise will give you some idea of how quiet/loud you're mixing. It is very common to mix too loudly, which is not only detrimental to your mixes, but to your ears as well. Sustained exposure to sound >100dB will damage your hearing, leading to high frequency loss and tinnitus (ringing in your ears).
I also check the volume of amps, etc., more for my own curiosity than anything else, but you can also make sure you're not exceeding the maximum SPL handling of your mics when tracking, too.