Hello Michael, Luan is short for Italian Poplar. Its a real light color, almost white, and some vendors will put a very thin skin of Phillipine mahogany, or other wood on it. Commercial grade has no veneer ply. Luan is really a tight grained italian poplar in three plys. We use it in combination with 2 layers of bender board, which is 5/16" thick, and has three plys also. But the outer plys run lengthwise and are an 1/8" with a inner 1/16" ply running the width direction. But it is all Phillipine mahogany, and 2 layers is only 5/8" so for curved items requiring a 3/4" substrate, we add a layer of the Luan.
Then we either veneer, or post lam plastic or chemetal type laminates. The Luan is a stable backer for paper backed veneers, which are very thin. Especially birds eye types or book matched species. Also, when we use veneers, we have to use water based adhesives because of the environmental laws here, and so lacquer solvents won't loosen the contact adhesive bonds. These water based contact adhesives work wonderful on luan ply, but not on bender board very well because of the open grain.
Hope that explains it.
fitz