Headroom is the # of Db's above zero that are available for a particular device before clipping occurs. Let's say you are aiming to have a mic preamp output 0db's. It is impossible to get it to sit right at 0 without going over once in a while. The amount that the device will allow you to go over is called headroom. Good mic pres ussualy have 15-30 decibals of headroom. In other words, they go all the way up to 15 or 30 db of gain. A digital recorder ussualy has 0 headroom, as it will start to clip the instant you go above 0.