When I have recorded a band (either as a musician being recorded or as an engineer/producer) normally the rhythem section (drums & bass - or - drums, bass and rhythem instrument, ie: rhythem guitar) record a basic rhythem track. This then is used to over dub lead guitar, vocals, etc.
Often, a scratch vocal may be recorded with the rhythem tarck to act as a guide (this is later erased and replaced with "real vocals"
If you don't include drums as part ot the first track - make the guitar player (or whoever) play to a click, or there is a good chance there will not be a consistant tempo for other instruments to track over.
If you're asking about bands writing in the studio (vs. preproduction) then normally, someone (the guitarist or singer, etc) may come in with a chord progression or a basic song outline, play it and then the other musicians will start to ablib parts, riffs, etc. until a song starts to come together.
Normally writing in the studio is not the most effective way (in particular if you're paying for stuio time). These days with recording gear being so affordable (you can get a 4 track cassette for less than $100) most musicians do a lot of the writing at home (pre-production) and then bring the band a "demo" which helps the musicians get a general feel for the "vision" the writer is hoping to achieve.